摘要：在电动机的机械轴和传动装置的设计中，机械强度与应力的分析一般是以电动机运行中的峰值转矩作为依据。传统的异步电动机运行中，峰值转矩通常就是最大转矩，可以将额定电源下的临界转矩作为机械设计的依据。由115 V/360~800 Hz的航空变频电源直接供电的异步电动机，电源频率的变化导致其转矩特性发生改变，即电动机起动过程中的临界转矩和转矩脉动发生变化。另一方面，变频异步电动机的设计往往对高频（800 Hz）时的转矩具有指标要求，为满足这些指标，异步电动机的转矩特性再次发生变化。本文针对航空变频异步电动机的转矩指标要求，设计了三种能够满足不同应用的异步电动机并进行了仿真。通过仿真数据分析了临界转矩和起动过程中的脉动转矩的变化趋势，为航空变频异步电动机的机械强度设计提供参考。
关键词：航空变频电源；异步电动机；机械应力；临界转矩；脉动转矩
Abstract: In the design of motor mechanical shaft and driving devices, the analysis of mechanical strength and stress is generally based on the maximum torque in the operation of motor. In the operation of traditional asynchronous motor, the maximum torque is usually the breakdown torque which can be used as the basis of mechanical design under the rated power supply. For the asynchronous motor directly powered by 115V/360~800Hz aviation variable frequency power supply, the change of power frequency causes the torque characteristics to change, namely the change of breakdown torque and pulse torque during the motor starting process. On the other hand, the design of variable frequency asynchronous motor often has indicator requirements for the torque at high frequency (800 Hz) and the torque characteristics of asynchronous motor change again to meet these indexes. In this paper, three kinds of asynchronous motors that can meet different applications were designed and simulated according to the torque index requirements of aviation variable frequency asynchronous motor. The change trend of breakdown torque and pulse torque in the starting process were analyzed through simulation data, which provided the reference for the mechanical strength design of aviation variable frequency asynchronous motor.
Key words: aviation variable frequency power; asynchronous motor; mechanical stress; breakdown torque; pulse torque