摘  要：为了更好地对电磁发射拦截系统的发射装置进行设计和实验研究，分析了发射装置的工作原理，建立了发射瞬间发射线圈温度场的数学模型。用有限元软件编制仿真程序建立了发射装置的仿真模型，并对其进行了三维温度场的有限元仿真，得到了发射线圈的温度随时间变化的规律；分析了线圈电流峰值载荷变化对线圈温度的影响规律。结果表明：由于发射线圈中脉冲电流产生焦耳热的作用，线圈的温度瞬时升高，但加载过程的前段时期内线圈的温度分布很不均匀，最高温度位于最里圈的内侧，随着放电时间的延长，由于受到热传导的作用，线圈的温度逐渐下降并趋于均匀；发射线圈的温度随着电流载荷峰值的增大而迅速升高，若温度过高，会影响发射装置的发射效率和使用寿命。故当发射线圈的电流载荷较大时，应采用必要的冷却措施，以减少发射线圈的温升。
关键词：电磁发射拦截系统；发射线圈；数学模型；温度场；有限元仿真

Abstract: It is necessary to simulate the thermal field of launching coil in the electromagnetic launching interception system (EMLIS) and the working principle of the electromagnetic launcher(EML) was analyzed. A mathematic model describing the thermal field of launching coil was established. Set up the simulation model of the EML with finite element analysis code and researched thermal field of the launching coil. The temperature distribution of the launching coil vs. time was achieved, the varying laws of temperature in launching coil resulting  from the loads changing in it was also analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the temperature of the coil grows up instantly by Joule heat source because of current flowing over. The temperature distribution is different   for a long time from loads beginning and the maximum temperature appears at the inner side of coil. The temperature of coil reduces gradually and tend to uniformity because of heat exchange. The temperature of the coil grows up instantly with the current peak value increasing. The launch efficiency and life of EML would decrease if the temperature grows higher exceedingly. Cooling method should be used to decrease the temperature of the launching coil when the current peak value is larger.
Key words: electromagnetic launching interception system；launching coil; mathematic model; thermal field; finite element simulation