摘  要：针对电机主轴转子的结构，采用一维有限元的方法，考虑了轴分布质量的平动惯量、转动惯量、陀螺效应和剪切变形的影响，建立了参数化的一维电机主轴转子动力学有限元模型，该模型便于调整轴承刚度和转轴结构尺寸参数，避免了重复建模，有利于缩短转子系统的设计周期，优化产品结构；使用该模型计算和分析了轴承刚度和中间轴直径对电机主轴临界转速的影响，结果表明，陀螺效应对电机主轴第一阶和第二阶临界转速的影响非常小，当轴承刚度大于一定值时，临界转速的增加随刚度的增加呈线性趋势，临界转速对中间轴的直径非常敏感。
关键词：临界转速；有限元；电机主轴

Abstract:  According to the structure of the rotor motor spindle, using a one-dimensional finite element method, considering the translational inertia and the rotation inertia of the distribution mass of shaft, gyro effect and influence of shearing deformation, established the parametric one-dimensional motor spindle rotor dynamic FEM model, this model is easy to adjust the bearing stiffness and shaft structure size parameters, avoided the repeated modeling, which can shorten the design period of the rotor system and optimize product structure; Using the model calculated and analyzed the bearing stiffness and the middle shaft diameter on the influence of the motor spindle critical speed, the results show that the gyro effect on the influence of first order and second order of the motor spindle critical speed is very small, when bearing stiffness is more than a certain value, the critical speed increase with the increase of the stiffness is linear trend, the critical speed is very sensitive for the middle shaft diameter.
Key words:  critical speed；FEM；motor spindle