摘 要：介绍一种利用层叠压电元件轴向伸缩振动的压电超声直线电机的工作原理、驱动方法，并设计、制作了电机样机，对电机进行了性能测试。该电机的振动体为棒形，移动体是与振动棒圆柱面接触的一个圆柱环。利用振动体的轴向伸缩振动即可实现移动体的前后移动，改变驱动信号的频率，可改变移动体的移动方向。这种电机结构简单、驱动电源为单相，容易实现小型化。而圆柱面接触增加了电机的推力，使该电机更易于实用化。非常适合用于物体精密定位、精细物料输送或振动切割工具。
关键词：压电超声直线电机；伸缩振动；圆柱面接触

Abstract: The working principle and driving method of a piezoelectric ultrasonic linear motor which uses axial stretching vibration of cascading piezoelectric elements was introduced. The prototype of that motor was designed and fabricated. Its performance was also tested. The motor’s vibrating object is in stick shape, moving object is a cylindrical ring which contacts with vibrating stick in cylindrical surface. The forward and backward movement of moving object was achieved by utilizing the axial stretching vibration of vibrating stick. The moving direction was altered by changed the frequency of driving signal. The structure of the motor is simple and the power supply is single phase. So that it is easy to be smaller. In addition, the thrust force is increased by cylindrical surface contact between moving object and vibrating stick so that it is easy to be practical also. This kind of piezoelectric linear motor is very suitable for precise positioning of objects, fine material handling, and vibration cutting tools.
Key words: piezoelectric ultrasonic linear motor, forward and backward vibration, cylindrical surface contact